Causes And Effects Of College Dropouts - 954 Words

Causes and Effects of College Dropouts Life is believed to be easier for people with higher degrees than for those without higher degrees. Hence, it is the joy of parents to see their children admitted into a higher institution. With the high cost attached to attending a four year university, most students prefer to attend community colleges. Community colleges provide the same quality of education offered by universities for the first two years at a lower cost which help students reduce debts toward getting their higher degree. However, compared to the number of students who started their first year in community colleges, a large percentage dropped out. This is common to both freshly graduated high school students and adults who came back to college to obtain a degree. Students drop out of colleges because of financial issues and the need to take remedial courses. As a result, they have self esteem issues and may remain poor. Students drop out of colleges because of financial issues. Although some students get financial aid, it is not enough to pay for the expenses attached to getting a college degree. Students need money to buy textbooks which are highly expensive. Most courses required assignments to be taken online in which students must purchase a pass code. They also need money to pay their bills, take transportation to schools, and buy other items for personal needs. Due to financial constraint, most students have to work in addition to attending school. Students getShow MoreRelatedCollege Dropout Rate And Evidence1332 Words   |  6 PagesCollege Dropout Rate Evidence To Support You re done, you have dropped out of college and there s nothing you can do. Congratulations, you are now in the 1.3 million that also contributed to this statistic. The college dropout rate varies based upon a wide variety of problems college students encounter. Now your reasons for dropping out? There could be many, some of which you couldn t control. However, there are some that directly contribute to the dropout rate; that you could have. We’ll beRead MoreHigh School Dropouts And Its Effect On Our Country1496 Words   |  6 Pageseach year dropout of high school in the United States alone. Dropouts refers to a student quitting school before he or she graduates or avoiding enrolling in college. Students who drop out are more likely to be unemployed, homeless, or receiving welfare. High School dropouts are very common in the United States today. Only 72% of America s children graduate from high school. Eighteen states allows the students to stop school before the age of ei ghteen. High school dropouts causes a bad effect on ourRead MoreWhy Student s Drop Out Of College1015 Words   |  5 Pagesenrolled in college. Often independent living is something they are not used to and find difficult to cope with the many stresses that they have not experienced at home. For example, having to balance earning an income to have money to live and study. This essay will discuss the three reasons why student’s drop out of college: financial constraints; balancing work with school and social life; and coping with illness and injuries. Firstly, one of the main reasons why students drops out of college is financialRead MoreCauses Of High Dropout Rate Among Low Income College Students1270 Words   |  6 PagesParas Rayamajhi English 111/ 1904 Mrs. Jones September 29, 2014 The Causes of the High Dropout rate among Low-Income College Students To dropout, in simple words, means leaving school or any institution before the completion of a course due to some specific reason or necessity. There is a significant dropout rate at colleges which include household cultural and financial problem, where expectations of college are not met, and where financial aid is insufficient A household s cultural and financialRead MoreAttending School As An Educated Fellow Of Society999 Words   |  4 Pagesrespectable grades. An individual’s grades reflect the determination the student committed to every course. Furthermore, there are three simple suggestions a college or university student needs to recognize to obtain an A or a respectable grade. Students either may decide to dedicate the time and determination, or decided to be unsuccessful. Most college or university students attend school to become successful. Students struggling to remain in school or receive respectable grades are the ones who mayRead MoreAn Individual s Grades A Reflection Of The Effort982 Words   |  4 PagesAn individual’s grades are a reflection of the effort students dedicate to each class. There are three simple suggestions a college student needs to know to receive an A or a passing grade. The students can either decided to put in the time and work, or decided to fa il. Most college students go to school to be successful. In addition, students are not there to waste time or to let time waist them. Students who consider taking there these suggestions and acknowledge them are the ones currently strugglingRead MoreThe Study of Absenteeism, Part of a Research Essay648 Words   |  3 Pagessituation one is facing. One is able to act efficiently, perceive exactly, and think clearly to accomplish one’s goals and aspirations. The study of absenteeism is very important for any college. The word absenteeism means the absence of a student from class when he is expected to be present at school/college. When teacher has no information in advance, that the student will not report for class if he has taken leave to which he is entitled or on ground of sickness or in case of accident. Thus absenceRead MoreEffect Of Student Gender On The Rates Of High School Dropouts Essay870 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction A high school diploma not only facilitates progression to college but also increases a student’s chances of financial independence and career success in the future. However, high school dropouts are common, which have varied economic implications, including shortages in the workforce, high dependency on healthcare and welfare, and increased public spending in the criminal justice system (Levin and Rouse, 2012). Some students drop out of high school due to socioeconomic factors, withRead MoreThe Achievement Gap Between Hispanic Students And Non-Hispanic896 Words   |  4 Pagesnon-Hispanic students is alarming due to the high dropout rates and the increasing Hispanic population in the United States. To better understand why Hispanic students dropout out of high school it is important to explore the perspectives and experiences of high school dropouts. Examining the root causes of whys Hispanic student’s drop out of high school can assist to improve dropout retention ear ly on. As a significant number of Hispanics continue to dropout of high school annually, educational decision-makersRead MoreDropping Out Of High School1696 Words   |  7 Pages The issue of dropping out of high school were discussed as early as 1927 in literatures according to (Christle, Jolivette, and Nelson 2007). During that era, dropout was called â€Å"school- leaving† and was considered to be a psychological problem based on interest and attitudes. Young people were considered as restless and needing the freedom to explore new interests. If schools did not meet their needs, there was the likelihood that these teenagers will drop out (Christle, Jolivette, and Nelson

Race Relations And The Civil Rights Movement - 924 Words

Race relations have and always will be a major part of society. They have influenced today s society economically, politically, and culturally in many ways. Past and present race relations are difficult and careless. In the past many minorities were treated like property to the majority white. For example, in the 1800’s the white majority used the African-American minority as salves. The African-Americans were not treated like people but rather livestock because of of how they worked and were traded. Slowly over time the race relation between whites and African-Americans progressed. It wasn’t until the late 1900s that African-Americans finally gained the ability to vote in the country they have fought for and lived in for many decades. Today in modern American, even after the Civil Rights movement, many minorities still do not have access to the civil rights that the constitution stated that all men deserve. For instance, in the late 1800s to early 1900s African-Americ ans were the hated minority, they were treated differently and discriminated against. Today the hated minority is muslims and people from the Middle East. Race Relations change along with popular ideas of a certain minority group. All race relations depend on how the media portrays stories that involve more than one ethnicity. The history of America has greatly been influenced by race relations along with modern America. Similarly, the economy has greatly been affected race relations in both past and presentShow MoreRelatedJackie Robinson And The American Dilemma882 Words   |  4 Pagesof better race relations in the United States. The obstacles Jackie Robinson overcame were amazing, he had the responsibility to convert the institutions, customs, and attitudes that had defined race relations in the United States. Seldom has history ever placed so much of a strain on one person. I am addressing the importance of Jackie Robinson’s trials and triumphs to American racial dynami cs in the post war period to show how Robinson was a prominent figure in the civil rights movement and broughtRead MoreJim Crow Essay705 Words   |  3 PagesFall 2010 Term Paper The Strange Career of Jim Crow by Van Woodward is based on the time period surrounding the Civil Rights Movement. This book is an accurate account of events that occurred during this time. It shows how the 1896 US Supreme Court Ruling affected blacks and the obstacles they faced to overcome. This book shows how the rights of African Americans have evolved over time. Van Woodward did an excellent job illustrating the events of history with The Strange Career of Jim CrowRead More C. Vann Woodwards The Strange Career of Jim Crow Essay1719 Words   |  7 Pagesit discusses this history of race relations in America, more specifically the Jim Crow laws he equates with the segregation of races. Woodward argues that segregation itself was a fairly new development within the South, and did not begin until after Reconstruction ended. He further argues that since the South has seen so much change, citing the Civil War, Reconstruction, and the development of the Jim Crow laws, it is poss ible for more changes to occur in a movement away from segregation. ThoughRead MoreThe Role Of Women During The Civil Rights Movement1711 Words   |  7 PagesThe Civil Rights Movement is typically only seen in terms of race relations in the United States of America. Steve Estes’, I Am a Man deals with these relationships between white and black men while introducing these concepts in terms of gender and masculinity. But one cannot have masculinity without femininity, which will be the focus of this paper. The role of women in the Civil Rights Movement is key to understanding masculinity. Women were used by both white and black men in order to prove theirRead MoreThe White Race And Its Heroes1623 Words   |  7 PagesPrimary Source Analysis: Cleaver, E. â€Å"The White Race and Its Heroes.† in Souls on Ice, 65-83. New York: Dell Press, 1968. Journalist, civil rights activist and criminal are some of the connotations attached to Eldridge Cleaver; a prominent figure of the radical shift in the civil rights movement during the 1960s and early 1970s. Cleaver spent a majority of his upbringing in youth reform schools and prisons within the state of California, which as evidence will show, affected greatly upon his workRead MoreAnalysis Of James Baldwin s The Fire Next Time 901 Words   |  4 Pagesthe United States. During this atrocious time period, many African Americans had hope in their lives of America being entitled as one united nation ignoring the color of skin. James Baldwin was one of many important figures during the Black Arts Movement (1960s -1970s). He wrote many influential essays and poems that impacted many people’s views on the history and hardships African Americans went through living in America. James Baldwin explains in his essay that black people in America have to acceptRead MoreRace: A Preva iling Factor in American Politics1180 Words   |  5 PagesRace has been and will be a prevailing factor in American politics for years to come. Race has been a center of discourse throughout the history of the United States. It has been expanding in light of the civil rights era which was primarily an issue of black and white relations to the discussion of the rise of Hispanics in number and political power. Race is not something exclusive to the United States when it has come to discrimination. More recently that most would not like to be reminded ofRead MoreHistorical Significance of Multiple Books on Jim Crows Life and Career1254 Words   |  5 Pageswider Jim Crow issue is clear to anyone that has a modicum of historical understanding. The Jim Crow laws, as they came to be known, were the laws that codified the concept of separate but equal. Instead of sanctifying open and equal access for all races regardless of subject or the color of the person involved, it was a de facto allowance by the Supreme Court for separate but equal to be the law of the law rather than allowing for any pretense of equality for all being the norm. The racist practicesRead MoreRacial Stereotype in the Movie The Green Mile1279 Words   |  6 PagesRacial stereotypes have always invaded films, from the earliest silent film, to the most modern film production. Stereotypes in early America had significant influence over how other viewed African Americans, Latinos, Asians etc. The most stereotyped race in history is the black male. In most early films, they were portrayed as simple minded and careless individuals, but when African Americans started to stand up for themselves films portrayed them as more savage and bloodthirsty. In the 1999 filmRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement And The Federal Government Records Of The United States Essay953 Words   |  4 PagesI took another visit to the Library of Congress, located in Washington D.C. I went to James Madison building. My purpose at the library was to research The Civil Rights Movement and the Federal Government Records of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, Police-Community Relations in Urban Areas, 1954–1966 and obtain information from the Newspaper and Current Periodical reading room. I was really disappointed that the librarian directed to me to ProQuest periodical. There was no other access of information

Transformational Leadership and Organizational Culture Free Essays

Transformational Leadership and Organizational Culture by Bernard M. Bass , Bruce J. Avolio The organization’s culture develops in large part from its leadership while the culture of an organization can also affect the development of its leadership. We will write a custom essay sample on Transformational Leadership and Organizational Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now For example, transactional leaders work within their organizational cultures following existing rules, procedures, and norms; transformational leaders change their culture by first understanding it and then realigning the organization’s culture with a new vision and a revision of its shared assumptions, values, and norms (Bass, 1985). Effective organizations require both tactical and strategic thinking as well as culture building by its leaders. Strategic thinking helps to create and build the vision of an agency’s future. The vision can emerge and move forward as the leader constructs a culture that is dedicated to supporting that vision. The culture is the setting within which the vision takes hold. In turn, the vision may also determine the characteristics of the organization’s culture. Transformational leaders have been characterized by four separate components or characteristics denoted as the 4 Is of transformational leadership (Avolio, Waldman, and Yammarino (1991). These four factors include idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration. Transformational leaders integrate creative insight, persistence and energy, intuition and sensitivity to the needs of others to â€Å"forge the strategy-culture alloy† for their organizations. In contrast, transactional leaders are characterized by contingent reward and management-by-exception styles of leadership. Essentially, transactional leaders develop exchanges or agreements with their followers, pointing out what the followers will receive if they do something right as well as wrong. They work within the existing culture, framing their decisions and action based on the operative norms and procedures characterizing their respective organizations. In a highly innovative and satisfying organizational culture we are likely to see transformational leaders who build on assumptions such as: people are trustworthy and purposeful; everyone has a unique contribution to make; and complex problems are handled at the lowest level possible. Leaders who build such cultures and articulate them to followers typically exhibit a sense of vision and purpose. They align others around the vision and empower others to take greater responsibility for achieving the vision. Such leaders facilitate and teach followers. They foster a culture of creative change and growth rather than one which maintains the status quo. They take personal responsibility for the development of their followers. Their followers operate under the assumption that all organizational members should be developed to their full potential. How to cite Transformational Leadership and Organizational Culture, Papers

Business Review Business Model Innovation â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Business Review Business Model Innovation? Answer Introducation We selected Meshack Mathews because he has many outstanding qualities as a serial entrepreneur in various fields including manufacturing. Each attribute has its own abilities, strengths and limitations and is especially gifted for one type of economic activity. The Innovator is an entrepreneur that is a creator par excellence. Creative and dynamic, passionate and intuitive, they have neither patience nor taste for details nor are they usually the best team leaders (Atun and Sheridan, 2007). These are its five most outstanding features that he has: Intuition. Innovators are basically intuitive. The interviewee has a great ability to see and understand the whole panorama at a glance. He gets an idea of what they want or need to solve a problem with relative ease. Meshack as an innovator is more concerned with how things "should be" than how they are at this time. He is idealistic and is constantly looking for ways to improve things and, in general, the world. He is not so much interested in the details or the implementation of his projects, so he depends critically on people who complement him in this sense. Creativity. The entrepreneur is original and prolific. He is a teacher in the art of creating new products, companies or strategies. all the time he spends is trying to make connections between seemingly unrelated fields and creating new ideas that they tend to implement quickly. Passion. Once an innovator identifies his vision he tells us that he is so much into the product that he is able to transmit it with great effectiveness based on their passion and conviction. For this reasons he makes the best person to interview (Goldenberg and Mazursky, 2002). What insights did you gain from talking to them? The entrepreneur / innovator was able to clearly make us understand the whole process of innovation in a business. Having been a serial entrepreneur, Meshack has come up with numerous products and services for the market, thus he was able to share with us the process of innovating. He provided insights into what an entrepreneur is supposed to check in order to come up with a new product in the market. What will you do differently based on your discussion? Based on this discussion, many things will have to change in the company and personal innovation. A companys need for growth is paramount and for there to be growth, there must be innovation. Therefore, I would hire the best expert and consultants to spearhead research and development (RD) in the company (Souza, 2010). A good research and development means that the company innovation will be stronger. I would also ensure that in terms of innovation we are at par or even ahead of our competitors and rivals in the same industry. Based on this it is important to set measurable and smart goals that are attainable and achievable in all aspects. Innovation is simply adding value for maximum productivity. What advice could you offer this entrepreneur? Personal innovation remains a relatively underdeveloped concept, and we very commonly associate it with personal development, or even with "self-help" tools. At other times, we approach the new realities from our little "everyday bubble", and that isolation, that lack of perspective, prevents us from understanding what is happening, and how it will affect us and condition our future (Atun and Sheridan, 2007). What if we could start that journey towards change and innovation starting simply from curiosity and observation of what is happening around u Where does innovation come from? In his book Innovation to the Core, Rowan Gibson, International Innovation Guru, says that "innovation should be a subject of all time everywhere and that it should become a new way of life for the organization." Gibson describes four organizational components that are necessary to create a capacity for innovation in the company. I think that Meshack, the entrepreneur, will have to find better strategies to stay relevant in the manufacturing business through innovation. He will have to strategize on importance of innovation and to develop a team that is qualified and experienced on innovation (Atun and Sheridan, 2007). The interview was done on 12th June the Year 2017. The length of the interview was one and half hours and was conducted on a face to phase basis or what is known as personal interview. I was delighted as it was more of a straight answer question with the management and owner of the company, Meshack. The interview started at around 8AM in the morning because of the busy schedule of the owner. Personal innovation capability audit I am personally of the opinion that in these times of high competitiveness and globalization, a constant and rapid renewal of products, services and processes is required of all market participants, in order to improve the acceptance of their customers, who are increasingly exposed to competition, and at the same time reduce costs. Innovation has become almost all markets, in a mandatory condition, to achieve success and affirmation of the company in the long term. The main reason for failures in innovation projects, found in most studies, is the weakness of companies in the process of selecting ideas. But that is one of the many factors that I will have to determine the development of innovative capacity of companies, it is necessary more than a system of evaluation and selection of ideas (Atun and Sheridan, 2007): Innovative capacity can be defined, as the definition and proactive domain, of the cycle; continuous improvement and renewal (change): As you can see, the first ideas that come to mind or the challenge of personal innovation are, in fact, a lot of questions. And I do not think we can attribute it to chance. We are in a time of change and uncertainty, and perhaps there are no close and conclusive answers but rather, adequate questions; questions that inspire us, that force us to consider our vision of the world, and help us to forge an attitude towards things. A question of attitude We are gradually getting closer to the heart of the matter. And, for me, personal innovation does not consist exclusively of a specific development, a concrete change or a certain improvement. Personal innovation is a "special attitude" that is revealed in all our actions: a commitment to to be better every day in everything we do; the capacity to see us not for what we are today, but for what we can become; a way of approaching the future with all our potential; the curiosity and the opening of the necessary sights to interact with the o utside world, without fear of being mistaken, aware that we learn from our mistakes and that only by exploring the unknown can we find new perspectives and discover new realities that will help us achieve a profound change in ourselves and in our lives. It is, therefore, to innovate to live a richer life; a life that will allow us to develop our full potential as people (Botten and Sims, 2005). Personal innovation thus understood is a perpetual process of renewal and self-transformation. And this is precisely what I propose for innovation. Managing the uncertainty To understand the current reality - so complex and changing - the first thing to do is to divide it into three planes: Predictable environment Start by identifying your "predictable environment," which is the best known, closest to you. It is on this level that we can still continue to apply, to a greater or lesser extent, the tools that have allowed us to anticipate events. Your current map of reality is, without doubt, very valid to move in this environment, as you have done so far (Gibbert et al., 2006). New trends. Then there is the "new trends environment". In it live familiar variables - those with which we are accustomed to work, and we can predict - with other discontinuous variables, which are not strange to us, but which we cannot control at all, because they vary according to the context, and can be associated to create something different. Your current map will also serve to identify those new trends that you had already intuited and have begun to question your reality; that is, they have questioned the reliability of the tools you used to address the problems, or the way you interact with others (for example, when you discover that information can no longer be treated as it once did, because is so much and so changeable that memorizing it is a ridiculous pretension, or that the youngest of your family and your organization are very different from you, who are driving at full speed with digital devices, which have different fun, looking different things in the work and in the free time, etc.) Dimension of rupture. Finally, it is possible to speak of the "dimension of rupture", possibly the most characteristic of the new era. This is a very open and unstable area, diffuse, difficult to interpret (Rajagopal, 2007). We know that it can have a great final impact on our lives, but we are not able to measure which. This dimension of rupture - which does not figure on your current map - is the area where Professor Taleb's black swans abound; namely: unpredictable and high impact phenomena that are beyond statistics, and, in general, all our predictive tools; events that you cannot anticipate, that suddenly break into your life and are able to determine your decisions and, most likely, your future. This zone of rupture - unknown and unpredictable by definition - is the one that most resembles what awaits us, that is to say, to the future, of which if we know something is that it will be anything but a repetition of the past. This implies that what we have learned so far w ill not serve us to manage the future, and, ultimately, what we do not know about the future is much more than what we do know. So that what is said is not a mere declaration of intentions, in the next conversation I will propose a map with three very simple steps for you to make this your year of personal innovation; a kind of practical and inspiring guide that will serve you to explore reality,that will allow you to make the most of your experiences in the path of your continuous personal transformation; and that, in short, will help you to reinvent yourself as a person (Rajagopal, 2007). I had, however, to address the personal dimension of innovation. And that is precisely what I intend to do in this and the next conversation. My idea is to help you build a map of personal innovation; a guide map that you can use to deal with the uncertainty and volatility of this complex and changing environment in which we are living. The need to innovate The starting point is this: at a time like this, marked by the accelerated changes, you cannot drive looking through the rearview mirror. That is, you cannot rely on getting ahead using those tools that have worked for you before, because what awaits us is completely different from what we have known so far (Foss and Saebi, n.d.). Strategic Innovation Capacity In the strategic aspect, the decisions to be taken on the following are especially important: I think I must innovate, and in the managerial aspect; 1. Ideas and projects 2. Resources and especially time 3. Introduction to the market of results Key factors of innovation management: Innovative capacity needs to be a strategic value of the organization, fully supported by the leadership of the organization. This is because the ability of the company to detect the opportunities and needs for change depends on how effective the implementation of available resources (external and internal) is. Through the use of innovation management methods, it will be easier to control processes, as well as their effectiveness and efficiency (Foss and Saebi, n.d.). There are perceived strengths and areas for development that I will highlight in Each of the 5 factors mentioned contains a number of success factors, which influence one another, and whose overall effect is difficult to measure. The interaction of this quantity of success factors, quantitative and qualitative factors is not easy. Under this need, methods and applications have been developed for their evaluation and analysis. It is an area of innovation management in full development, where the availability of computer applications is starting and represents a challenge for companies to implement and exploit (Harvard business review on business model innovation, 2010). In short, it is clear that developing an "innovative" organization does not happen by chance, or finding "a genius" within your human resources. Genius is the system, which must provide; motivation, analysis of opportunities, necessary resources and methods, which is available to organizations of any size. Like it or not, the world is changing, and you need to change the old ways of working, that only made sense in the past and that came up to solve problems that are no longer relevant in the achievement of your goals. Transforming companies, transforming people As you will discover as you progress in the conversation, there are interesting similarities between personal innovation and business innovation. The following is a framework of business perceived strengths in innovation. I will make it a SMART framework S= Specific Since the innovation is a business project, I propose it to be an IT innovation application enhancement program. It is meant to ease the process of cost management by the management and staff of a leading company using a computer and mobile generated application. M= Measurable I think that a good innovation project should be measurable and satisfy the requirements of the business. Business innovation transforms industries. And, in an analogous way, personal innovation transforms people, and allows them to improve their capacities to interact with the new reality (Gibbert et al., 2006). A=Aligned They are, in a sense, two sides of the same coin. It is not enough that companies innovate. Also people should do it. After all, people who are unable to change will share the same fate as those companies anchored in the past: they will no longer be competitive and relevant in the new context. R= Realistic Many times, when i reflect on our personal goals and the changes needed to achieve them, i do it under pressure, blinded by immediacy, by the urgency of everyday life, by obligations, social pressures, fear and insecurity; that is, we focus our reflection on the risks and obstacles that stand in our way. T= Time bound Think that this time it is time for you to leave your "comfort zone", to leave the cave to analyze trends, clues to what is to come; to explore the future; to try to understand and internalize the new reality, and be able to learn and develop the new skills you need to address the future (Gibbert et al., 2006).What if we could explore the new territories without fear, liberated from the prejudices of the past, ready to create new realities, new opportunities for development. if, instead of hiding in our shelter, we could interact with the new reality, or what is the same, we could participate in the new conversations, to share and create value in the new global networks, as so many people are already doing. Models of Innovation The research and development process can be the origin of a multitude of subsequent process of innovationes. Some of the innovations may succeed and others may not. The problem is that it is not known how much time they need to generate these innovations. Linear model on the other hand does not suggest that innovations come from direct research and development. In many cases, non radical and continuous innovations may arise from an observation, there can also be a market analysis or proposal for improvement or analysis of the market without the need for proper technological development. There are several criticisms that arise from this model which are; first, it considers the process of innovation as a success of different stages. Second, this model places great importance on Research and development as a trigger for innovation. Third, the model does not represent the economic reality and fourth impulse or push model of technology. These models are usually referred to as First and Se cond Generation models respectively and both are characterized by their linear conception of the process of innovation (Gassmann, Frankenberger and Sauer, 2016). Chronologically, in the first instance the Technology Push or Push-Up Model emerges, the influence of this model started in the 1960s. it is through causality that this model contemplates the development of the process of innovation that goes from science to technology and is represented by an orderly and sequential process that is based on the knowledge of science. and after various stages or stages, commercializes a product or process that may be economically viable.Its main characteristic is its linearity, which entails a gradual, sequential and orderly staggering from scientific discovery (source of innovation), to applied research, technological development, manufacturing and launching novelty. Demand Pull Model From the 1960s onwards, there was more attention that was paid to the market in terms of the role it played in the process of innovation which led to the materialization of a new technological innovation model , which is also linear of the demand or the market pull. This period led to greater participation in the market by big corporations with an emphasis to increase strategic marketing. As a consequence of this, the perception of the process of innovation began to be altered, leading to a greater intensification of demand factors. The linear model is extremely useful for a simplified and rational understanding of the process of innovation. However, this model has serious shortcomings. The first is related to the sequential and orderly nature that it establishes for the process of innovation. In certain cases certain phases of the process are not necessary and in others, the sequence may be different. Although there are certain priorities and logical sequences, numerous variations occur in the intended sequence (Gassmann, Frankenberger and Sauer, 2016). On the other hand, in the process of innovation, there are so many processes of feedback, cycles of information exchange back and forth and so many unforeseen and surprises arise that the notion of phases or stages could almost be rejected. It makes more sense to think about an extremely interactive process. Therefore, it is concluded that the process of innovation is characterized, on the one hand, by the overlapping of the different activities (which complicates the identification of each of them with precision and, more, its delimitation in independent parts) and , on the other, by the frequent feedbacks between the different stages (Gassmann, Frankenberger and Sauer, 2016). Finally, the view that innovation emerges either by technology or by the pull of demand, is not without its extreme. Later models incorporate both aspects, recognizing the importance of both sources of innovation. The inclusion of elements of both the push of technology and the pull of demand, makes the models more representative of the process of innovation and that the analogy with scissors is illuminating: "without both edges, it is difficult to cut" Business Model One of the biggest challenges after having "that" innovative idea is how to develop and materialize it and not only is it enough to define the entrepreneurial idea, it must also be chosen, developed and also innovate in the business model to achieve the desired success. Thinking about how difficult it is to generate a business model, of the business model, a practical form for the generation of business models. The canvas consists of the schematic connection of nine modules that reflects the logic of a company to reach its revenues, covering the four main areas: Customer, supply, infrastructure and economic viability.business2 Chain Link Model The R D I process, based on Kline's modified chain link model (adopted in the UNE 166002 standard on R D I Management), attempts to represent the complexity and uncertainty involved in an R D I process, and the relationship between innovation and research and development activities. R D I activities are difficult to measure and constant coordination between technical know-how requirements and the needs of the market, to simultaneously solve the economic, technological and other obligations imposed by the R + D + i process. This model is considered as a set of activities related to each other and whose results are frequently uncertain. Because of this uncertainty there is no linear progression between the activities of the process and there is feedback at all stages of development as well as possible sources of improvement between each stage and research. With this we can conclude that: R D is not a source of inventions but a tool that is used to solve the problems that appear at any stage of the process. The research addresses problems that can not be solved with existing knowledge, so expand the knowledge base. The company has a knowledge base to solve problems that arise when innovating. This model promotes a culture of innovation throughout the company, and serves for companies of any activity and size (Gassmann, Frankenberger and Sauer, 2016). The Innovation Management Framework Companies are not faced with the management of innovation by acting directly on their management elements, because they are immersed in a very specific series of business processes, so that monitoring and targeting become part of the process strategic, oriented to the planning of innovation in the company in the long term. The former prepares the organization to deal with the changes that are likely to affect it and the latter provides it with the rational ability to predict innovation results before they are implemented. The Innovation Management Framework Training as a supplier of knowledge (generation or acquisition) and the implementation of innovation through the development of processes, products and services are more connected with innovation as a result, with its execution. They are, therefore, elements of the operational process and, most of the time, their success is conditioned to that of the strategic process. For example, it is easy to find companies that do not adequately define their innovation strategy and as a consequence decide to implement innovations that often do not lead to improvements in competitiveness (Kaplan, 2012). It is also easy to see that most companies try to improve their development processes and yet, despite the fact that in most cases this requires the acquisition of technology, we realize that with assiduity is the production engineering department who performs this acquisition as if it were a routine problem, forgetting important aspects to take into account in this process. Learning is the only element that does not have a clear identification within the business processes, so that each process must learn to reflect on their experiences and introduce improvements around their own development. The advantage of this "learning organization" approach is that previous results and experiences are harnessed in such a way that, in the face of similar situations in the future, the company is better prepared and able to recognize and anticipate problems (Stampfl, 2016). Clearly, innovation management cannot be the responsibility of a single department. Neither can we think that it is the exclusive role of the director of technology or research, but must take advantage of marketing resources, production, purchasing, engineering, quality and even outside the company - the chain of suppliers, technology networks . That is why the activities or processes on which their management elements rest must work together to achieve efficient development (Kaplan, 2012). Coined by Chris Anderson in 2004, it is one of the most innovative business models that have emerged in recent times. The innovation of the long tail business model is characterized by offering a wide range of low demand items, but which can become profitable businesses and generate profits due to a large volume of small sales. In the traditional model, which is governed by the Pareto Principle, 80% of the population bought 20% of the articles. This fact made low-cost products less profitable because of the high costs of development, storage, distribution and marketing (Kaplan, 2012). The companies to save costs, limited their production and marketing, only, to the articles sold, that is to say 20%.But with the advent of the Internet, new innovative business models have been generated, which consist of having a huge range of products that are in short supply, but which turn into profitable businesses for being able to sell worldwide. References Atun, R. and Sheridan, D. (2007). Innovation in the biopharmaceutical industry. Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific. Botten, N. and Sims, A. (2005). Management accounting - business strategy. Burlington, MA: CIMA Publishing. Foss, N. and Saebi, T. (n.d.). Business model innovation. Gassmann, O., Frankenberger, K. and Sauer, R. (2016). Exploring the Field of Business Model Innovation. Cham: Springer International Publishing. Gibbert, M., Durand, T., Gibbert, M. and Durand, T. (2006). Strategic Networks. Blackwell Publishing. Goldenberg, J. and Mazursky, D. (2002). Creativity in product innovation. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. Harvard business review on business model innovation. (2010). Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Pub. Kaplan, S. (2012). Business model innovation factory. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Lipczynski, J. (2008). Business. Chicago: Chicago Review Press. Rajagopal (2007). Marketing dynamics. New Delhi: New Age International. Souza, P. (2010). Innovation in industrial research. Collingwood, Vic.: CSIRO Pub. Stampfl, G. (2016). Process of business model innovation. [Place of publication not identified]: Gabl

Viverra Motors Company Operations Management

Table of Contents Executive Summary Introduction Purchasing and inventory management differences Possible solutions to the problems Restructuring suggestions Conclusion References Executive Summary Operation management is a branch of management which deals with purchasing and inventory management. It also touches on design and overseeing various business operations. It is concerned with the steps that are necessary to supply chain management.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Viverra Motors Company Operations Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Viverra Motors is a company that had committed some essential business operation errors. In order to circumvent these challenges the company’s purchasing and inventory systems should be adjusted. These adjustments will have far reaching effects on the future development of the company. The recommendations that will be provided in this paper include improv ing transportation and logistics, purchasing and inventory management. However, first of all, the company should reduce new acquisitions. In order to do this, the company should identify areas of competency and pay more attention to these areas. The company can also outsource the services that other companies can offer without compromising on quality. Introduction Operation management is a branch of business that deals with the movement of products through the production chain. It also deals with the processes involved in the acquisition of raw materials, as well as the processes that are involved into production of the end products. Major levels of operation management are strategic, tactical, and operational. Strategic level deals with all activities and decisions that go into production chains. It involves decisions concerning size and location of plants. Purchasing and inventory management differences Each dealership is supplied by a different supplier and deals with different s uppliers in the process of car production. Each dealership should therefore be strengthened to make decisions might have a positive effect on the process of car production.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Each supplier has its own strengths and weaknesses and the company’s dealerships should deal with the suppliers on an individual basis. As a consequence, each dealership of a company should design a unique supply chain management system to fit its current position (Cooper Ellram, 1993). The core areas of operation management are: Supply Chains—this involves the management of all aspects of management that are involved into providing goods to customers. The emphasis is laid on the processes of acquisition of raw materials to the end of a products’ life. All the stages that go into the product life cycle (introduction stage, growth, maturity, saturatio n and decline stages), including disposal, are considered. Operation Management/Marketing Interface—this is concerned with finding out what the customers like and see as important. This is necessary to produce what the customers want. Operation Management/Finance Interface — this is an area that comprises of the cash value of the company. It roughly estimates the financial worth of the firm. Service Operations — this consolidates the characteristics of services that go into production. Operations Strategy — this lays down the strategies the company will follow in production. It should agree with the overall strategies of the company. Process Design and Improvements — this manages all the innovations within the company. All the innovations are protected by this section of operation management. It also seeks financial assistance for the innovations. All these activities can be broadly classified as follows: Strategic level includes such aspects Th e number, location, and size of warehousing and other facilities needed by the company. Development of partnerships as the desirable arrangements with suppliers, distributors, and customers. Creating effective communication channels. Controlled product life cycle management. Where and when to buy products. Agreeing all the strategies of the company. Tactical level suggests such actions Finding contracts for the company. Decisions involving scheduling and planning of production. Customer satisfaction decisions Transport and logistics decisions Knowing the competitors Operational level suggests Planning production and distribution Scheduling- for all manufacturing plants of the company. Estimating future demand. Managing inventory- receiving and storage of stock Accounting for system failures and leakages Weaknesses of current purchasing and inventory management Reliance on forecasts: The current purchasing (procurement) system of the company is over reliant on forecasts whic h are based on the past trends. While this is a good practice, it is worth noting that the quality of the results obtained is highly dependent on the quality of data used to generate them. Employee competence often influences the quality of forecasts. In order to solve this problem, mechanisms to train employees should be put in place. Excessive focus on reducing costs: Viverra motors is interested in supporting its â€Å"one price – lowest price† concept. Focusing solely on this concept is a potential area of weakness. This may encourage the purchasing managers to choose price over quality. Low priced service parts may not meet the customers’ expectations. If this happens, the customer might end up in spending more in the long run. This has the potential to damage the reputation the company has worked hard to gain. This concept is a good concept, but if not executed correctly, it can permanently damage the reputation of the company.Advertising We will writ e a custom report sample on Viverra Motors Company Operations Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Unplanned acquisition: The new acquisition appears to have been hurried and not well planned. It is the fourth dealership in a metropolis of over one million people. The nature of the new dealership makes it difficult for Viverra motors to maximize profits. The company relies on fast movement of goods and high volume of sales to make profit. The new â€Å"auto-supermarket† requires more space because it deals with more than one make of car. This can also bring undue competition to existing dealerships of Viverra motors. This competition can arise if the new dealership will focus on the production of stock cars and service parts which are already being sold by other dealerships. Economies of scale will be hard to realize in such a setting. Poor selection of suppliers: The system is currently relying on a great number of supp liers. This is a potential danger for the company. Each supplier has its own way of doing things and the company may suffer a setback when it has to deal with many suppliers. It may slow down the progress of the company. Increased cost of running business: cost of running business will keep going up as the company increases the number of dealerships and products in each dealership. More products require more space. The company is already experiencing financial constraints brought in by the new dealership. Poor location design: The metropolis has a population of one million people. There is an additional half a million people outside the metropolis (Masters, 1993). This gives the company an estimated target customer population of one and half million people. This total population is not commensurate with the number of dealerships in the metropolis. Acquiring new dealerships will saturate the market leading to decreased volume of sales.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Possible solutions to the problems In order to circumvent the problems mentioned above, the following recommendations should be considered. Outsourcing: the company should outsource some of the activities that do not constitute its core business. This will enable the company to focus on key competencies while letting others do some things on its behalf. The company should identify companies that can provide services of the required quality at a lower cost. Services such as warehousing can be outsourced. The company is experiencing shortage of space, and it means that partners should be sought to provide this crucial service. This will ensure that Viverra motors saves money that can be used to finance the core business. Provision of service parts can also be outsourced to a reputable partner. However, since the company has gained a good reputation in servicing and repairing vehicles, it should retain it. This aspect of the business is crucial to the company as it attracts new custome rs and helps retain existing customers. Outsourcing is critical to any company as it enables it to run the business effectively and efficiently. Co-owning: instead of acquiring new businesses, the company can opt to buying some stakes in companies it is interested in. Viverra motors should have acquired some shares in the new dealership as this would have enabled it to share logistics management and inventory management responsibility. Each partner would then bring in its key competencies and enable the dealership to move to great heights in terms of customer service and profit maximization (Lee, and Billington, 1993). Focus on quality: the company should focus more on customer satisfaction and quality of services offered (Ketchen, Hult, 2006). The quality of the products and services should meet or exceed customer expectations at all times. Focusing on cost of the end product only diverts attention from the customer. This may result in a situation of self preoccupation. Customers do not want to deal with companies that are preoccupied with self image. Just- in- time inventory management: the company has run out of space, thus it is in a great need of using innovative methods of inventory management. A lot of expenses will be reduced if the company does not hold stock for long (Cooper, Lambert, Pagh, 1997). Just-in-time is system of inventory management that ensures a company does not stay with any particular stock longer than it is necessary. This system enables a company to order stock just before it is needed. After stock is received, it spends a short time in the company’s warehouses thus reducing cost of warehousing and creating a room for new orders. This system requires very accurate forecasts and reliable suppliers. If the suppliers are not reliable, then the company will not incur the cost of missing the stock. This cost can be huge and make a great damage to a company (Cohen, and Lee, 1989). This system also ensures that the time a product s pends in the supply chain is shortened. Money saved can be used to run other aspects of the business. The system will also encourage the company to invest in what the customers want and, as a consequence, minimize the wastage. Supplier selection: Viverra motors can benefit from careful selection of suppliers. A thorough research and background check of the suppliers will enable the company to establish a partnership with reputable and reliable suppliers (Mentzer, 2001). Some suppliers may provide products cheaply but, at the same time, with inferior quality. Some may provide high quality goods but at a very high cost. Both situations are undesirable for Viverra motors. Viverra motors should aim at striking a balance between cost and quality of products. The suppliers who are reliable are selected. Transport and logistics: efficient transport and logistics systems should be put in place. This ensures that the amount of time spend on movement of products along the supply chain is sign ificantly reduced (Rainbird, 2004). This will reduce operating costs in the long run. This can either be done through outsourcing these activities or through improvement of existing systems. If necessary, the company can put in place radio frequency identification system (RFID). This system will enable purchasing managers to monitor the movement of stock in real time. However, this system may be expensive to install and run. It may require additional training for the users. Restructuring suggestions As Viverra motors prepares itself for the future, both current and expected customer expectations should be put in perspective. Future aspirations of the company should be in line with the expectations of its customers (Greenberg, 2002). Viverra motors should estimate the number of customers it intends to serve in the future. This can be calculated using past customer numbers. The managers can work out the rate of annual increment in customer numbers and use it to forecast the future num bers at any particular time in the future (Houlihan, 1985). In order to meet the current customer demands and move into the future with ease, the following structural changes may be implemented. Know Customer: Viverra motors needs to invest in research in order to understand its customers better. Each customer is unique but some share common traits. Investing in this research will enable the company to provide what the customers want at the right time. Customers will be divided into various customer segments or, in other words, market segments. Each segment gets unique products and attention depending on the need of customers. Market segmentation is a great marketing tool. Products are marketed differently to different groups. Continual Rapid Improvement: the company should continue improving its products and services to meet current customer demands. The company can invest in self improvement techniques. The improvement should be comparable with changes in customer demands. Unifie d Purpose: all the dealerships, though, representing different brands and segments of the market should have a unified goal. All the dealerships need to work together as a team to achieve a common goal. Unity purpose helps reduce potential conflicts in the company. Know the Competition: the company should invest in mechanisms to know its competitors. This is because modern completion fronts are in the supply chain management. Viverra motors should use this to structure its supply chain management to be in line with that of its partners. Focus: the focus of the company should be changed. The company should avoid focusing so much on acquisitions. It should instead shift the focus to customer satisfaction and profit maximization. Organize Resources: resources should be organized in such a way that the most urgent and most important obligations are met in the first place. Invest in Human Resources: the company should focus on hiring new staff in areas that are critical to the operation of the company (Ballou, 1992). Staff should be reduced or completely relieved of their duties in areas that the company can outsource the services. Maintain Equipment: the company should maintain existing equipment in order to ensure that their after sales service segment works well. The company can also invest in new equipment to boost its repair services. Cut Flow Time: the company should cut the time a product spends in the supply chain. This can be done through development of systems that can help minimize wastage and maximizes on the available time. Visibility Management: Viverra motors needs to invest in brand visibility. It should strive to be more visible in the market than its competitors. This may be translated to increased customer numbers hence increased revenue. Conclusion This paper is focused on the operation management that is implemented in the Viverra motors and the ways of its improvement. Having analyzed a number of researches on the given topic, as well as a Ca se Study, we have come to a conclusion that Viverra motors should position itself for the future. In order to do this correctly, several structural adjustments need to be implemented. The company needs to adjust its purchasing and inventory systems to match with those of its customers. Some of the changes that have been suggested earlier in this paper include slowing acquisition. The company should instead focus on co-owning. The company should also invest in logistics and transportation systems. References Ballou, RH 1992, Business Logistics Management, 3rd. Edition, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Cohen, MA Lee, HL 1989, ‘Resource Deployment Analysis of Global Manufacturing and Distribution Networks’, Journal of Manufacturing and Operations Management, vol. 2, pp. 81-104. Cooper, MC Ellram, LM 1993, ‘Characteristics of Supply Chain Management and the Implications for Purchasing and Logistics Strategy’. The International Journal of Logistics Managem ent, vol. 4 no. 2, pp. 13-24. Cooper, MC, Lambert, DM Pagh, J 1997, ‘Supply Chain Management: More Than a New Name for Logistics’. The International Journal of Logistics Management, vol 8, Iss 1, pp 1–14. Greenberg, D 2002, ‘Just-In-Time Inventory System Proves Vulnerable to Labor Strife’, Los Angeles Business Journal. Web. Houlihan, JB 1985, ‘International Supply Chain Management’. International Journal of Physical Distribution and Materials Management, vol. 15 no. 1, pp. 22-38. Ketchen JrG Hult, TM 2006, ‘Bridging organization theory and supply chain management: The case of best value supply chains’, Journal of Operations Management, vol. 25 no. 2, pp. 573-580. Lee, HL Billington, C 1992, ‘Supply Chain Management: Pitfalls and Opportunities’, Sloan Management Review, vol. 33, pp. 65-73. Lee, HL Billington, C 1993, ‘Material Management in Decentralized Supply Chains’. Operations Research, vol. 41 no. 5,pp. 835-847. Masters, JM 1993, ‘Determination of Near-Optimal Stock Levels for Multi-Echelon Distribution Inventories’, Journal of Business Logistics, vol. 14 no. 2, pp. 165-195. Mentzer, JT. et. al. 2001, ‘Defining Supply Chain Management’, Journal of Business Logistics, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 1–25. Rainbird, M 2004, ‘A Framework for Operations Management: The Value Chain’, International Journal of Operations and Production Management, vol. 34, no. 3/4, pp. 337–345. This report on Viverra Motors Company Operations Management was written and submitted by user Simone Potts to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Bambiraptor - Facts and Figures

Bambiraptor - Facts and Figures Name: Bambiraptor (Greek for Bambi thief, after the Disney cartoon character); pronounced BAM-bee-rap-tore Habitat: Plains of western North America Historical Period: Late Cretaceous (75 million years ago) Size and Weight: About four feet long and 10 pounds Diet: Meat Distinguishing Characteristics: Small size; bipedal posture; feathers; relatively large brain; single, curved claws on hind feet About Bambiraptor Seasoned paleontologists spend their entire careers trying to discover the fossils of new dinosaursso they must have been envious when a 14-year-old boy stumbled upon the near-complete skeleton of Bambiraptor in 1995, in Montanas Glacier National Park. Named after the famous Disney cartoon character, this tiny, bipedal, birdlike raptor may have been covered with feathers, and its brain was almost as big as that of modern birds (which may not seem like much of a compliment, but still made it smarter than most other dinosaurs of the late Cretaceous period). Unlike the cinematic Bambi, the gentle, sloe-eyed friend of Thumper and Flower, Bambiraptor was a vicious carnivore, which may well have hunted in packs to bring down bigger prey and was equipped with single, slashing, curved claws on each of its hind feet. Which isnt to say that Bambiraptor was at the top of its late Cretaceous food chain; measuring only four feet from head to tail and weighing in the vicinity of five pounds, this dinosaur would have made a quick meal for any hungry tyrannosaurs (or larger raptors) in its immediate vicinity, a scenario that youre unlikely to see in any forthcoming Bambi sequels. The most important thing about Bambiraptor, though, is how complete its skeleton isit has been called the Rosetta Stone of raptors by paleontologists, who have studied it intently over the last two decaes in an attempt to puzzle out the evolutionary relationship of ancient dinosaurs and modern birds. No less an authority than John Ostromthe paleontologist who, inspired by Deinonychus, first proposed that birds evolved from dinosaursraved about Bambiraptor shortly after its discovery, calling it a jewel that would confirm his once-controversial theory.

Taking both a product and a service of your choice you are to identify Essay

Taking both a product and a service of your choice you are to identify the elements of the marketing mix - Essay Example Keeping the aim of customer satisfaction in mind, it becomes essential for the marketers to make sound decisions regarding various aspects of the product or service (marketing mix), rather making decision solely on the basis of estimates or guesstimates. As a result of evolution of such concepts in the business world, the field of marketing has now become something far beyond rule of thumb decision making. This article is intended to analyze the marketing mix (product, price, place and promotion) of one commodity and one service. Before starting the evaluation, it is essential to have a brief overview of the theoretical basis of the elements of marketing mix. In the end, we will comment on the effectiveness of marketing mix of both of them. The marketing mix is one of the most frequently used term in the field of marketing, in fact we can call it a buzz word of marketing. It includes the basic tactical components of marketing mix. Traditionally there are four elements of marketing mix; product, pricing, place, promotion. However, some of the authors add other three Ps too, to make it 7 Ps. The rest of the three are process, people and physical environment. All these Ps have a number to specific decisions to be taking and the sum total of all those decisions ultimately contribute to what we call marketing mix, a set of tactical decisions aimed to better market the product and thus increase customer satisfaction. Costa coffee established its first coffee shop â€Å"Costa Expresso Bar† in 1978 in Vauxhall Bridge Road in London. Even to this date, they still use the same method of slow-roasting coffee beans. Now it serves the brothers’ authentic blend of 6 Arabica beans to 1  Robusta in 500 coffee shops all over the world. The brand name of COSTA has been promoted as a symbol of status, a symbol of high class. The COSTA coffee is basically a hot drink; however, the various customer researches show that customers who have come here are actually not more intend to

Substance Abuse Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Substance Abuse - Research Paper Example However, according to National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA 2011), it is a common misreading that drug abusers lack moral principles or will power essential for changing their behavioral traits. In reality, drug addiction is a complicated state of health which encourages compulsive drug abuse in individuals. As a result, it becomes very difficult for users to give up the habit despite their aspiration to do so. This paper will evaluate various causes and implications of substance abuse specifically about the use of alcohol, prescribed drugs, and illegal drugs. Alcohol abuse To begin with, in American society, numerous beliefs persist regarding alcohol consumption. In the colonial era, the American community believed that alcohol was the â€Å"good gift of god† solely meant enjoyment. However, decades later, US government prohibited alcohol sale and consumption in the country as the science proved that alcohol consumption raised serious issues such as poverty, violence, and he alth problems. However, now US regulations allow people to enjoy alcohol beverage. Subsequently, the number of younger alcoholics is alarmingly increasing in the present US society. As per the reports of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Oct 22, 2010), 14,046 people die each year due to alcoholic liver diseases; and at the same time, alcohol induced deaths excluding accidents and homicides constitutes 23,199. Prescription drugs abuse From the legal point of view, a prescription drug is a licensed medicine which can be legally used with the prescription of a physician. Heroin and aspirin are the examples of prescription drugs. Although they are licensed medicine, they also can cause many health issues. Generally, dispensation of prescription drugs includes a detailed description regarding its contents. In United States, a special regulation called Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act defines prescription drug requirements. According to this act, medical practitioners who pr escribe a drug must possess specific qualifications. Furthermore, while prescribing medical drugs, a physician must make his patient aware of the intended effects of the drugs and its expected side effects. However, prescription drugs are largely misused for intoxication purposes across the States, which has evoked the governmental attention to the issue. Obviously, unethical drug marketing plays a major role in the rampant growth of prescription drug abuse. Illegal drug abuse Illegal drug trade offers large opportunities to global black markets as it includes the manufacture, distribution, and sale of substances which are prohibited by drug prevention laws. Hashish, Cocaine, and Crack are some of the examples of illegal drugs. According to the UN report, â€Å"global drug trade generated an estimated $321.6 billion in 2003† (Pollard, 2005). The drug prevention laws were the main causes that persuaded international black markets to trade drugs illegally. Despite the strict re gulations and penalties imposed on illegal drug traders and users, the US government has not yet succeeded to control this illegal activity. Illegal drugs leave more dreadful impacts than legal drugs on users because the illicit drug manufacturers add excessive addictives to their products with intent to attract and retain more users. Causes of substance abuse Undoubtedly substance abuse is a serious problem that affects a person both mentally and

Introduction to Psychology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Introduction to Psychology - Research Paper Example It took off as a spark of fantasy, matured over time and suddenly turned to a reality of frustration and hate. Finally it became an obsession which demanded to be fulfilled. The killer found that photos and trophies that were substitute for the thrill of putting an end to life that electrified his very soul. He believed that he was smarter than the cops and could easily outwit them. The element of danger added to his perverted excitement. It was a chilly winter day on January 15th, 1974 the Charlie Otero came home from school only to find his parents and four siblings murdered in the most ghastly fashion. All the victims had their hands and feet bound together and were placed head down Except for his sister Josephine who was hung by her neck from a pipe and was only partially dressed with a sweatshirt and socks. Her little brother Joseph had three hoods placed on his head and was lying face down at the foot of the bed. The purse of Julie Otero was dumped and the father Joseph Otero Sr. missing watch there was no evidence of either a robbery, a struggle of forced entry. The search was on by the Wichita Police Department who investigated and found that the four murders took place between eight and nine in the morning. The conduct of the parents as well as the children was extremely good and invited no enmity which made the murders all the more shocking. Nine months after the murders of the Otero family, in October 1974, and anonymous call was received by the Wichita Eagle’s Don Granger and receive directions to go to the Wichita library and looking into a mechanical engineering text book. Action was taken and they found a letter detailing the murders of the Otero family and promising other victims in the future. He said he was guilty of the murders but can’t stop the monster in his head. His code words are – â€Å"Bind them, torture them, Kill them – BTK and warned that they will see it on the next victim. On April 4th, 1974, his next victim came

The Julius Caesar Essay History Essay

The Julius Caesar Essay History Essay Power is a goal that most people strive for in their lives. When someone takes power for granted they can manipulate their friends and cause serious trouble. In terms of ancient history, specifically regarding ancient Rome, having too much power can lead to negative outcomes.  When someone mentions the name Julius Caesar, it triggers an image of Romes greatest leader in history. July 13, 100 B.C., was the beginning of a new era in Roman society. This marked the birth of Romes greatest political figure, Gaius Julius Caesar. Julius Caesars rise through Romes political ranks of Rome came quickly and it was believed by many individuals in the Senate that Julius Caesar was becoming too powerful for his own good. They also believed that he was becoming a threat of the Republican government.(CITE 7) After establishing himself as the dictator of Rome, the Senate believed that he had dreams of kingship and ultimate power. This led to Senatorial conspiracy and eventually to his assassination . His assassination was a result of his dramatic rise to power, which posed a threat to the senates. Ultimately his sudden death was a result of various personal factors that offended the senators and created animosity between them and Caesar, deeming his death inevitable. His death leads to a domino effect, which happens to lead to the inevitable collapse of the Roman Empire. On March 15 44 BC, Gaius Julius Caesar was murdered by men in his own Senate; which is known as the Ides of March. Julius Caesar had many men that were coming up with a plot against him to assassinate him. Among the 60 men plotting to murder him, many were senators, which included Gaius Cassius Longinus, Marcus Junius Brutus, and Decimus Brutus Albinus (CITE 6). Fearing that fact if Caesar added Parthia to his conquests he would undeniably become king. Knowing that in four days Caesar was going on campaign against Parthia that time was pressing, so they had to make their move very soon (CITE 3)On the day of Caesars murder, the Senate held a meeting in a hall adjacent to Pompeys statue. At the beginning of the meeting, a man by the name of Cimber first knelt in front of Caesar to plead to him and recall his brother from banishment. When Caesar refused, Cimber yanked Julius toga down from his neck and stabbed him in the upright shoulder, since he was nervous and missed his neck. (CITE 2). The other conspirators followed suit and began to stab Caesar. When they were done the stabbing, Caesar lay dead with 35 wounds on his body.(CITE 3) Julius Caesars rise to power came in an amazingly short period of time, faster than many before him. Caesar gained authority through the use of his public image as a Populares because he was born into the ideal social class, as a Patrician. He came from an old and established family line that made it only natural for him to go into the involvement of politics and government. Due to his family background, he had ties to the populares who were well known Roman political leaders on the side of the people. Caesar was a popular politician representing the masses of the people. His charisma and military victories  over the Germanic tribes in Gaul and his victories in Egypt, enabled him to quickly advance up the political ranks. One of the most critical political moves he made that contributed to his unbelievable success was an important 3-way partnership. Caesar proposed this 3-way partnership known as the 1st triumvirate. This strategic alliance was made between Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, Marcus Licinius Crassus and Gaius Julius Caesar. It proposed by Caesar because there was increasing hostility between Pompey and Crassus. They divided up the Roman provinces between each other and the relationship between Pompey and Caesar was cemented by Pompeys marriage to Caesars daughter, Julia. However, the degeneration of the Triumvirate came with quickly with the death of Caesars daughter Julia, which broke the personal bond that Caesar and Pompey shared. This was followed by death of Crassus due to an attack by the Parthian army, which ended the Triumvirate. At the time of the First Triumvirate, the commonly known Republican form of government in Rome  was already well on its way to turning into a monarchy.   The first critical error Caesar made in his rise to power was when he was in Gaul. Caesar was accused of treason by some members of the senate because he had both tribunes on his side. Since they were on his side the tribunes both imposed their vetoes on the treason claim. The majority of the senate decided to ignore the vetoes and they ordered Caesar, who was now charged with treason to return back to Rome, without his army. Caesar did return to Rome but he did so with his army. As soon as he crossed the Rubicon River, he had in fact legally, committed treason. He was committing imperium, as he was exercising imperium when forbidden by the law. Waiting for Caesar was Pompey with his army, and the battle of Pharsalus took place in 48 BC. Caesar won the battle and Pompey was forced to flee to Egypt. Due to Caesars political innovation techniques, he was able to make political alliances that helped him rise in power, and that left him as the leader of the Roman world. Once Caesar returned to Rome he ruled alone where he began a platform of reform for Rome. He decided to make himself dictator for life and he appointed his own personal senators. Many citizens were hoping that, after the Civil War had ended, Caesar would restore the constitution and make the laws and the courts function again.(CITE 5) As he conquered more and more enemies, he became increasingly popular with the people of Rome. His military victories are what gave him ultimate political popularity and furthered his claim as true leader of Rome. His military prominence is what helped Rome flourish into arguably the greatest ancient civilizations in history. His outstanding military campaigns are what helped Rome prosper in both size and power. He increased the size of the Senate from about 600 members to 900, bringing in new men into the ranks of office holders. (CITE 5). He gave the poor new jobs and they became faithful supporters, furthermore increasing his popularity with the peop le. He also assisted the poor citizens by regularly checking the spread of money throughout Rome to make sure that no one was living too poorly (CITE 5). In addition, he rewarded thousands of Veterans with pieces of land and cash bonuses. (CITE 5). This was another smart strategy that Caesar implemented which made his soldiers fight better, because they had a cause to fight for, which was their land, family, and leader. With this act Caesar made Rome a more wealthy, open, and safe place to live. With Caesars quick increasing popularity the Senate tried to prevent Caesar obtaining the position of the consulate, which was a very important position because it was the position that was in charge of Romes defence forces. The Senate felt that Caesar wanted to take on the position of king of Rome. The divine honours that he accepted, the temple, the priest, the name divus Julius, and the festivals that marked the rule of the hellenistic monarchs, all point in that direction. It was thought by many in the Senate that Julius Caesar was becoming too powerful, and that he had dreams of kingship and ultimate power.(CITE 5) To the Senate this was a major threat towards the stability of the Roman Empire and this would have drastically reduced the power of the Senators. They feared that Caesar would turn the Roman Republic into a tyrannical monarchy (CITE 6). Caesar said that the republic was but a name without substance or form.(CITE 5) He called many assemblies to have them vote on laws that were constructed by him and to and to elect the candidates he had personally chosen. His disrespect of the constitution of Rome was on full display by an event in the year 45 BC, which was two and a half months before his death. Word came to Caesar that a consul in his office had suddenly died. Caesar quickly called an assembly and had it elect a new man to take over the position. This made the Senate extremely angry with Caesar and thus, the idea of eventually getting rid of Caesar by murder, was starting to evolve. The motive for the Senates killing of Caesar was ultimately out of personal hatred. They had personal animosity towards Caesar for his actions towards them. The friends of Caesar were infuriated to see him promote former enemies to positions of equality with themselves. Many of these former enemies, instead of feeling gratitude toward Caesar for their lives and for the benefits they had received, continued to feel resentment because they had lost so much to Caesar. (CITE 6). Many blamed Caesar personally for the setbacks that they or their families suffered. No Roman in history had ever exerted so much control over the lives of his fellow aristocrats more than Caesar. According to (CITE 6) the motive for the murder of Caesar was established when he sat in his golden chair before the new temple of Venus, the mother of his house, Caesar failed to rise to thank the fathers. This contributed to personal hatred on Caesar by the Senate. There were more than 60 senators associated with the plot. Many of them were Caesars former close friends. They had their own reasons for joining in on the organization, but majority were at a personal level. Many felt Caesar personally insulted them or their families. Therefore, Brutus and Cassius became the leaders in a plot to slay the Caesar, along with 60 other men, mainly pardoned by Caesar who were determined to carry out the deed of murdering him. (CITE 5). There were two key men who had an extreme personal hatred for Caesar and were the leaders in creating the perfect plot to murder him. Their names were Gaius Cassius, and Decimus Brutus, who was a special friend of Caesar. They both wanted personal revenge on Caesar with all the suffering they went through in the civil war Caesar created. Gaius Cassius Longinus was the first leader of this conspiracy who also had deep resentment for Caesar. The first thing Caesar did to infuriate Cassius was when he bypassed Cassius for the prestigious urban praetorship, consulting the office on Brutus instead. Cassius was also offended by Caesars unwillingness to award him the consulship until 41 BCE. (CITE 6). In addition, Caesar was very hesitant trust Cassius, even though he was one of the most experienced and able military commanders of his day. (CITE 4) He never rewarded Cassius with a major command position which suggests a lingering distrust, which is confirmed by Caesar light hearted remark t o his friends, that he suspected Cassius because of his paleness (CITE 5). On the other hand, Marcus Junius Brutus is the other best known figure in the conspiracy and he had a strong personal reason for his resentment of Caesar. Brutus was a very close friend of Caesar and Caesar trusted Brutus above all others in his administration. There was an apparent rumour which suggested that Caesar had an affair with Brutus mother, Servilia and it had provoked the idea that he was Caesars natural son. There were more rumours suggesting the she offered Caesar her daughter Tertia who was Brutus half-sister. (CITE 6) With all of these events, Brutus must have been deeply embarrassed by the matter, and his mothers conduct is one possible explanation for his personal motivation to kill Caesar. The sum of the evidence suggested that the personal motives Cassius and Brutus might have had for participating in the conspiracy to kill Caesar, also led them to hate Caesar for impeding their careers at several vital stages. Ultimately, Julius Caesar was a man of great care and charisma who also desired power, but above all, wanted to witness the citizens of Rome thrive under his authority. When he defeated Pompeys army and gained control of all of Rome, he began to establish reforms intended to make the people of Rome happier and more prosperous at all levels of society. He quickly became beloved by his citizens and gained incredible popularity among the Roman people. His increasing popularity and power became a grave threat to a group of Senates who were worried they would lose all of their power. The conspirators who feared the Caesar, created a plot to murder Romes greatest political figure. Led by Marcus Brutus and Gaius Cassius, the group of conspirators butchered Caesar until his death on the footsteps of the statue of Pompey. The motive clearly influencing these two men to kill Caesar was undeniably at the personal level. Their personal hatred towards Caesar is what led to the fall of Rome some f ive hundred years later. Julius Caesar made many key contribution to make Rome as successful and as powerful as it was. The chaos that ensued after his death, and the ultimate collapse of Rome, proves that his assassination was indeed a tragedy.

The Lying Jay Gatsby of The Great Gatsby Essay -- The Great Gatsby F.

The Lying Jay Gatsby of The Great Gatsby   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the novel, Jay Gatsby explains the type of character he is, through his lies. Gatsby acts out to be a man who has it all. The only item missing from Gatsby’s life is love. Love is the only true key to happiness with out it you are lost. Gatsby goes all out to be loved even if it means lying.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gatsby shows his love, to the love of his life Daisy, who is in love with another man named Tom. Tom and Daisy are married, but Tom is having an affair with another woman. With this on going problem, Daisy tries to get back at Tom by returning the favor of cheating on one another. With this Gatsby fall in love with Daisy, but Daisy is still in love with Tom. The love web involved becomes so twisted that Gatsby ends up losing his life. Gatsby’s love for Daisy causes him to make false statements about how he got his money.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gatsby tells about two different stories about how he got his money. Gatsby said that all his money was inherited by a wealthy man that he came to be good friends. He also said that his parents had died and he was all-alone. All the lies were to empress the people of the upper class how cool he is now. These lies were brought forth to indicate to the reader the reason for his lying was to win the love of Daisy. Gatsby is shown as a man who will screw you over in the end for his benefit.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the novel Gatsby personality is negative, but loving and caring when Daisy is around. His ...